Step One: -
Install some system requirements. There are a few packages that I had to install on this box (it was a recently installed system which didn’t have all these packages). After several attempts of installing Oracle, the equivalent command-line for installing all the necessary packages at once was something like this:
# apt-get install gcc make binutils lesstif2 libc6 libc6-dev rpm libmotif3 libaio libstdc++5 gawk alien libg++2.8.1.3-glibc2.2 ksh gcc-3.3 g++-3.3 libstdc++5 libstdc++5-3.3-dev libstdc++5 libc6-dev-i386 g++-multilib ia32-libs libc6-dev g++-4.1 xscreensaver
It’s possible that when installing the packages mentioned above, the installer will install some other prerequisites as well, as these packages themselves may have prerequisites.
Step Two: -
Choose where you are going to install your Oracle 10g server and create the ORACLE_BASE directory. This is the place where Oracle will be installed. Make sure there is at least 3 GB on the partition/mount point before moving to the next step. After installed, my basic installation took about 3.4 GB on disk (without the starter database!). As your database grows, it will need more space. Reserve a total of at least 6 GB for the unpacked installer and the basic installation. You can get rid of the installer files afterwards.
# mkdir -p /home/oracle/
Step Three: -
Add a few users and change groups to make the installer more comfortable. Remember, we are tricking the installer to think it’s installing on a Red Hat box.
# addgroup oinstall
# addgroup dba
# addgroup nobody
# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -p password -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash oracle
# usermod -g nobody nobody
The usermod command is needed since because when running, the installer looks for a user called nobody which is part of a group named nobody (in Ubuntu, the user nobody it’s assigned to nogroup by default).
Step Four: -
Make some symlinks. Apparently, the installer uses absolute paths, so it must find the binaries in the right places.
# ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk
# ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm
# ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename
Step Five: -
We need to mimic the /etc/rc.d directory structure of a Red Hat box. We do this with more symlinks:
# mkdir /etc/rc.d
# ln -s /etc/rc0.d /etc/rc.d/rc0.d
# ln -s /etc/rc2.d /etc/rc.d/rc2.d
# ln -s /etc/rc3.d /etc/rc.d/rc3.d
# ln -s /etc/rc4.d /etc/rc.d/rc4.d
# ln -s /etc/rc5.d /etc/rc.d/rc5.d
# ln -s /etc/rc6.d /etc/rc.d/rc6.d
# ln -s /etc/init.d /etc/rc.d/init.d
Step Six: -
I’ve created a file called /etc/redhat-release and put only one line on it. The same can be achieved by issuing the following as root:
echo "Red Hat Linux release 4" > /etc/redhat-release
Step Seven: -
We tweak the system default limits on a few items. The shared-memory are specially important, since Oracle relies on shared memory for process communications. There is a file called /etc/sysctl.conf and it should have these lines on it:
fs.file-max = 65535
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 1048576
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
Now that they are in a config file, these limits will be issued automatically at the next boot sequence. For now, we need to make the system re-read the config file:
# sysctl -p
Now, what do those parameters and values actually mean?
fs.file-max sets the maximum number of open files that can be handled by the Linux kernel.
kernel.shmall determines the total amount of shared memory to be allocated in pages. In this example, I’ve set it to 8GB, which is way above the amount of memory I can handle in my box, even with swap.
kernel.shmmax controls the maximum amount of memory to be allocated for shared memory which in this example is 2GB.
kernel.shmmni defines the maximum number of segments system-wide.
net.core.rmem_default and net.core.rmem_max define the default and maximum read buffer queue for network operations (1 MB in this example)
net.core.wmem_default and net.core.wmem_max define the default and maximum write buffer queue for network operations (256 KB in this example)
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range tells the kernel the port ranges that will be used for outbound connections.
kernel.sem has four parameters:
1.SEMMSL - semaphores per array
2.SEMMNS - max semaphores system-wide (SEMMNI*SEMMSL)
3.SEMOPM - max operations per semop call
4.SEMMNI - max number of semaphore arrays
To check your current semaphores configuration, you can run cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem or ipcs -ls. On machine, after the modifications on sysctl.conf, these commands output:
# cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem
250 32000 100 128
# ipcs -ls
------ Semaphore Limits --------
max number of arrays = 128
max semaphores per array = 250
max semaphores system wide = 32000
max ops per semop call = 100
semaphore max value = 32767
(I really don’t know if these are enough or too much, but I’ll keep you posted.)
For a better understanding of these kernel-tweaking settings, I’d recommend these resources:
schogini.us/wordpress/index.php/2005/11/01/setting-semaphores/
performancewiki.com/linux-tuning.html
pythian.com/blogs/245/the-mysterious-world-of-shmmax-and-shmall
Step Eight: -
Add these lines to /etc/security/limits.conf, letting the oracle user use more resources than the defaults allowed. You may notice that all these values are a power of 2 minus one. When soft limits are exceeded, you’ll get a warning; the hard limits can’t be exceeded in any situation: you’ll get an error. I’m not completely sure, but I think these limits apply to each session/login (and since Oracle doesn’t exactly log in to the machine, my best guess is these limits apply per instance running).
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16383
oracle soft nofile 1023
oracle hard nofile 65535
Step Nine: -
Make sure the limits.conf is being interpreted as the oracle user logs in by adding these lines to /etc/pam.d/login. You will want to make sure that is actually happening, since the defaults are way lower and you may get all sorts of problems.
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
Step Ten: -
Unpack and prepare the installation.
Directions
1.Unzip the file: gunzip
2.2. Extract the file: cpio -idmv <
# cd /path/to/zipfile
# unzip 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
# cpio –idmv 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
(And wait… wait a bit more… go get a cup of coffee…)
After your second cup of coffee, you should have a multi-gigabyte set of files; this is our installer.
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02
# sudo chmod -R 775 /oracle
# sudo chmod -R 775 /u01
# sudo chmod -R 775 /u02
Step Eleven: -
Fire up the installer as the oracle user itself. This is what you will probably see on the output window:
# su - oracle
$ cd /path/to/extracted/zip/file
$ ./runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 80 MB. Actual 58633 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 2900 MB Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. Actual 16777216 Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2007-07-11_04-38-56PM. Please wait ...
Oracle Universal Installer, Version 11.1.0.2.0 Production
Copyright (C) 1999, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ulimit: 1: Illegal option -u
ulimit: 1: Illegal option -u
rpm: To install rpm packages on Debian systems, use alien. See README.Debian.
error: cannot open Packages index using db3 - No such file or directory (2)
error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm
rpm: To install rpm packages on Debian systems, use alien. See README.Debian.
error: cannot open Packages index using db3 - No such file or directory (2)
error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm
There are a few errors that can be safely ignored: the ulimit and the RPM-related errors, since the limits don’t restrict the installer and since we actually don’t have a RPM database on the machine — we are running on Ubuntu, remember?
After a few moments, you will be prompted to choose where to install the Oracle server. You’ll notice that I asked the installer to create a starter database — I can also create that later.
Choose the Oracle Base and correct the group if needed.
I personally recommend sticking with the defaults if you are a newbie like me.
./runInstaller
Graphical mode
For the graphical mode, no more simply, just follow the instructions if you have no idea of what you are doing, default options works fine.
Victory, now you can see that:
Warning : When you'll see the following image, execute the script that it demand
to.
At some point, it will ask you to run some commands as root. Do that when it asks, since the install depends on a few modifications on the base system (like creating the /etc/oratab file).
In a different console.
$ sudo -i
Password:
# /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /oracle/app/oracle/oraInventory to 770.
Changing groupname of /oracle/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete
# /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh
Running Oracle 10g root.sh script...
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
[: 185: ==: unexpected operator
[: 189: ==: unexpected operator
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.
After these scripts finish their execution (the errors seem to be ignorable)
Finally, you have finished the installation:
To finish
The installation is done, we have to reboot the system to kill some installation's daemons. After, you'll have to do the following to launch the Oracle server:
$ sudo su oracle
Password: enter your sudo password
[oracle] $ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 19-JAN-2006 13:55:02
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1//bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admi n/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/l istener.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(P ORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 19-JAN-2006 13:55:04
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/adm in/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log /listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle] $ sqlplus connect as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jan 19 13:55:21 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter password: enter the DB password
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 92276304 bytes
Database Buffers 188743680 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle] $ isqlplusctl start
iSQL*Plus 10.2.0.1.0
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting iSQL*Plus ...
iSQL*Plus started.
[oracle] $ emctl start dbconsole
TZ set to Indian/Reunion
Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control Release 10.2.0.1.0
Copyright (c) 1996, 2005 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
http://localhost.localdomain:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control ........................ started.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Logs are generated in directory /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/localhost.localdomain_orcl/sysman/log
